ASR e MARDOM –IRANDAILY –NO.6079 VOL. 22 - Jun 7، 2017
Laboratory confirmation of Big bang theory by Dr. Penzias and Dr. Wilson
Dr.Hassan Saadat
?Has God existence been discovered by quantum physics on the eve of the 21st century
In the famous cosmological observations of Edwin Hubble in 1929, movement of galaxies’ spectral lines into the red end, showed that the universe was emerged from a big bang about 14 milliard years ago (picture 1) and it is still being expanded
But physicists couldn’t accept this theory until 1964, when a physicist called Robert Henry Dick announced that if the big bang had been occurred .15 milliard years ago, its effect called fossil radiation, should have been visible now even from a 15 milliard light years distance
The big bang radiation, of a very energetic and short wave type, has been transferred faraway to the red low power area of light spectrum. This red radiation transferred to the higher and lower power microwave part of the spectrum.
As long as the big bang was occurred in a distance of 15 milliard light years from us, it should be visible in the space anyway and microwaves should be perceptible from every direction of the sky as a background radiation.
In 1965, two American physicists, “Arno A. Penzias” and “Robert W. Wilson” when measuring wave length of radio waves at Bell laboratory, using an antenna and their invention; a special trumpet-like receiver (later, called radio telescope), accidentally received a series of electromagnetic waves with the density of 400 photon per cm3 and with about a few centimeter wave length and temperature of 7.2o KO (about 270o C) that was coming to the earth constantly from every direction (background radiation). Since they couldn’t relate these waves to any known light source, at first, they thought these waves could come from aliens from other planets. But invisible cosmic lights resulting from big bang had been predicted by George Gamow and the detailed specifications of this background radiation had been determined by Robert Henry Dick. So scientists discovered that these lights are from the big bang which had been occurred 14 milliard years ago. Of course the initial light had been a milliard times denser and 1000 milliard times warmer. In 2003, an accurate picture of “cosmic microwave background radiation” had been captured by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) and was offered to physicists (picture 2).
Professor John Cramer converted this partial information to sound wave length and for the first time, the sound of the big bang was heard. This sound was recorded on a tape and is accessible for public. (Picture 3)
That was the laboratory confirmation of the big bang theory (in 1945, George Gamow predicted that if the big bang theory is correct, the invisible electromagnetic background radiation with a few degrees kelvin should exists today. This fact was proved by Penzias and Wilson in laboratory).
According to the big bang theory, at the zero moment of explosion, the universe temperature was extreme. After the explosion from the time of 10-43 to 10-32, quark, electron, positron, and anti-quark particles was created. At the first 10-4 the universe temperature was so high (about 100 milliard degrees centigrade) that every elementary particles was moving by light speed and in consecutive collisions, new particles were emerged which were collapsed quickly. At that time universe’s density was about 1018 kg/m3. That period is called “elementary particles period” (picture 4).
But 1000 seconds after explosion, the universe temperature was decreased to 100 million degrees centigrade and Atomic nucleus such as helium and Deuterium were created and the universe density became 10 kg/m3. This period is called “nuclear reaction period”. During the last million years after this period, no special change was occurred in the structure of matter.
Cosmic lights prevented stars to be created, but a million years after the explosion, when the density was 10-18 kg/m3 and the temperature was 10000 degrees centigrade, atoms were created from combination of electrons and nucleuses. Later, (about 200 million years after the explosion), the first generation of stars and galaxies was generated and at the time of 1010 years after the big bang, our Sun and the solar system was emerged (picture 5) and the universe density became about 10-27 kg/m3 and the universe temperature decreased to 7.2 degrees kelvin (-270.45 degrees centigrade) which is the present temperature of the universe.
Physics discovered God
On the eve of the 21 century, cosmologists succeeded in proving God existence according to the latest achievements of astrophysics.
One of the physicists, who could confirm God existence through the big bang theory, is Professor Gerald Schroeder, a master in MIT university of America. He is experienced in physics laboratory and observed nuclear bombs’ experiments several times (his wife, Barbara Sofer, is a famous American author).
He said in 2005 that the most frequently asked question from him was how is it possible for a scientist to believe in something as a god, a metaphysical existing who created the universe?
But the question is ridiculously wrong because physics confirms God existence.
Going back to 50 years ago, I could lose my professorship at the university by proving God through physics and if I said that the universe was created at a specific time, I would be told that this is a religious taught not physics. 50 years ago most of the scientists believed that the universe is eternal and there is no beginning for that and that all the holly religious books (which talk about the beginning of the universe) are basically wrong.
?But how could physics prove the existence of God
As it is described before, the big bang theory was proved in laboratory by physicists such as Penzias and Wilson.
In the picture of the big bang, published by NASA (picture 2), the expansion of the universe after the big bang is showed.
This is the whole compressed knowledge of the scientific society about the creation of the universe until today.
Each vertical lines in this picture, means a milliard years (there are 13 vertical lines which means 13 milliard years) which starts from a big explosion at the left side of the picture. The oval at the right side of the picture shows the expansion of the universe in every direction. Since the picture is about a specific time period, it is impossible to picture all of it in a paper.
Surprisingly, at the left side of the picture, there is a beginning for the universe.
In 1945, George Gamow talked about the remaining energy of the initial explosion, and in 1965, the big bang echo was discovered by Penzias and Wilson.
It means that there is a beginning for the universe. Black parts of the picture are “nothing”. The outside of the cone which is totally black, is “naught”.
Vacuum only exists inside the “expansion cone”, there is nothing outside of it. There is no space, no time, and no existence. There is absolutely nothing.
The human brain cannot understand this “naught”, because man thinks in the frame of space, time, matter and energy. Nobody, even the smartest one, can think out of this framework. So when we say “nothing” or “naught” we are just using a word and its imagination is impossible.
The “quantum fluctuations theory”, which is showed in the left side of the picture 2, was first proposed by a contemporary physicist, Edward Polk Tryon. His article was published in the famous journal, nature. It is said that universe allow things to be created from nothing provided that natural rules are governing.
It means that it is possible to create something from nothing when there are natural rules, even for “naught”. Natural rules are not material themselves, but they work for materials (Quantum physics rules, relative physics rules, relativistic quantum physics rules, and every other rules, exist in the nature, are governing “naught” as they are governing nature.)
As it is obvious, physics discovered an important thing; the fact that universe can be created from absolutely nothing, if the natural rules exist before that. (Natural rules are the conscience of the nature and the conscience of the nature is awareness. So the conscience of the nature and matter is science and awareness.)
So there are some rules we call them natural rules, which are not matters, but have some effects on matters and can create matters from nothing. These rules had been existed before this universe and the beginning of the time.
The fact that natural non-material rules can create matters is exactly the religious definition of “God”. There only remains an elegant point:
Does the force that created the universe have still any effect on it?
Up to now, physics discovered that religious definition of God is true and God is eternal and out of time and space and he is not material, but created the matter and affects it. But is the creator of the matter, always affecting the universe?
The answer is yes. One proof is you, who are reading this article. If natural rules didn’t create a moment in the time, you were not here to be able to read this article.
A Persian poet, Molana, said that:
Every moment the world is renewed, and we are unaware of its being renewed whilst it remains
Life is ever arriving anew, like the stream, though in the body it has the semblance of continuity
1-Department of Physics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
e-mail: hsaadat2002@yahoo.com
References
1-Dr. Stephen W.Hawking "a brief History of time"
2-Dr. Hassan Saadat
"Marvelous of Marvelous",
Moallef publications,Tehran,Iran(1991).
3- Dr. Hassan Saadat Master, s Thesis in physics :
« A.Methodology for investingation of the Collapsing
Universe byMeasuring Mass-to-light Ratio ofGalaxies and
Calculation of Missing Mass and Dark Matter, s
temperatures » .
4-Dr.Marwit,Martin-"astrophysical concepts"
ازاستاد دکتر حسن سعادت،تاکنون بیش از 60 مقاله در مطبوعات داخلی ایران و مجلات بین المللی خارجی،به چاپ رسیده است که عناوین بعضی از آنها به صورت زیر است:
1- مقاله «پاسخی به یک نقد «فیزیکی» دو مقاله چاپ شده در روزنامه اطلاعات.
2- مقاله «مقارنه اسرارآمیز مشتری، زحل و ماه سترون» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر فارس.
3- مقاله «مکانیک کوانتمی نسبیتی» (سه مقاله) چاپ شده در روزنامه سراسری اطلاعات.
4 مقاله «رؤیت بشقاب پرنده در ایران (آسمان شیراز)» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر فارس.
5- مقاله «آزمایشگاه فیزیک حافظه یا تفکر» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر فارس.
6- مقاله «بشقابهای پرنده در فیزیک» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر فارس.
7- مقاله «طرحی نو در آزمایشگاه فیزیک» چاپ شده در مجله نگاه.
8- مقاله «ویژگیهای کوانتمی انسان» چاپ شده در مجله بوستان.
9- مقاله «ساختمان سازی آمریکا در مریخ» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر فارس.
10- مقاله «بشقاب پرنده و جبهه های حق علیه باطل» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر فارس.
11- مقاله «منظومه شمسی و ماده تاریک» چاپ شده در مجله بین المللی علمی تخصصی فیزیک «الزویر» انگلیس.
Hassan Saadat
“Solar System and Dark Matter”
Elsevier Journal (ISI), Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, ISSN 0960-0779, volum 42 (issue 4, 30 November 2009) 2236-2239.
12- مقاله «رابطه دما و چگالی ماده تاریک با قانون نیرو» چاپ شده در مجله بینالمللی علمی تخصصی فیزیک «الزویر» انگلیس
J.Sadeghi, Hassan Saadat, B.Pourhassan
“Relation between the dark energy density and temperature with power low”
Elsevier Journal (ISI), Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, ISSN 0960-0779, Volume 42 (issue 2, 30 October 2009) 1080-1083.
13- مقاله «اثر استرینگ لوپ حلقه ریسمان در نظریه انرژی مؤثر پایین» چاپ شده در مجله بینالمللی علمی تخصصی فیزیک ijtp «اسپرینگر آلمان»
Hassan Saadat , B.P Tanabchi, Alimohammad Saadat.
“String-Loop effect in low-energy effective theory”
Springer journal-international journal of theoretical physics (ijtp)
DOI: 10.1007/s10773-010-0280-y-ISSN: 0020-7748 Volume 49 (Wednesday, February 24, 2010): 1018-1022.
14- مقاله «اثر ماده تاریک بر منظومه شمسی و حرکت تقدیمی نقطه حضیض خورشیدی سیاره زمین» چاپ شده در مجله بین المللی علمی تخصصی فیزیک ijtp«اسپرینگر» آلمان
Hassan Saadat,S.N.Mosavi, Maryam Saadat, Nafiseh Saadat,Alimohammad Saadat
“The Effect of Dark Matter on Solar System and Perihelion Precession of Earth Plant.” Springer journal-International Journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp).,
DOI: 10.1007/s10773-010-0436-9 (2010) 49:2506-2511.
15- مقاله «ارتباط دانسیته انرژی تاریک با دما» چاپ شده در مجله فیزیک ijpt «اسپرینگر» آلمان
Hassan Saadat
“Relation between the dark energy density and temperature” International Journal of Theoretical Physics.”Springer journal-Int J Theor Phys (2011) 50: 140-147 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-010-0502-3.
16- مقاله «هولوگرافی چگالی انرژی تاریک» چاپ شده در مجله بینالمللی علمی تخصصی فیزیک ijtp «اسپرینگر» آلمان.
Hassan Saadat
“Holographic Dark Energy Density”, Springer journal-international journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp)
Int J Theor Phys (2011) 50: 1769-1775 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-011-0685-2.
17- مقاله «تابع زمان چگالی انرژی تاریک و مدل هولوگرافی با اثر متقابل (بین هولوگرافی انرژی تاریک و ماده)» چاپ شده در مجله بین المللی علمی تخصصی فیزیک ijtp «اسپرینگر آلمان»
Hassan Saadat , Alimohammad Saadat
“Time-dependent dark energy density and holographic DE model with interaction”
Springer journal-international journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp) Int J Theor Phys (2011) 50: 1358-1366 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-010-0644-3.
18- مقاله «هولوگرافی چگالی انرژی تاریک و پارامتر جی بی پی»
Hassan Saadat., S.N.Mousavi., Alimohammad Saadat.
“Holographic Dark Energy Density and JBP Parametrization”. International journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp). Springer J. 50: 2878-2883.
DOI: 10.1007/s10773-011-0787.
19- مقاله «پارامتر انبساط هابل در مدل جدید انرژی تاریک»
Hassan Saadat
“Hubble expansion parameter in a new model of dark energy”
International journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp) (2012) 51:78-82, Springer J. 50, DOI 10.1007/s104773-011-0879-7.
20- مقاله «ترمودینامیک و تعادل و ثبات 5 دیمانسیون حفره سیاه»
Hassan Saadat
“Thermodynamics and stability of five dimensional ADA Reissner-Nordstrom black hole”.
International journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp), (2012) 51: 316-321.
Springer J. 50, DOI 10.1007/s10773-011-0901-z.
21- مقاله «بررسی نظریه درباره «بار منفی» داشتن نوترون»
Hassan Saadat
“Theoretical proofs for the negative charge of the neutron
Research Journal of Physics 5 (2): 32-36, 2011, ISSN 1819-3463/ DOI: 10.3923/rjp. 2011.32.36. Science Alert J.,
22. مقاله «ضریب، چسبندگی حجمی، فضایی کیهان شناسی، FRW، فضای 5 بعدی (فریدمن روبرتسون – واکر) در جهان غیرتخت»
Hassan Saadat
“FRW Bulk Viscous Cosmology in Non-Flat Universe”
International journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp), (2012) 51: 1317-1322, Springer J,
DOI: 10.1007/s10773-011-1007-4.
23. مقاله «مدل هولوگرافی انرژی تاریک با اثر متقابل و ثابت کیهان شناسی در فضای ـ زمان تخت»
Hassan Saadat
“Holographic Dark Energy Model with Interaction and Cosmological Constant in the Flat Space-Time”.
International journal of Theoretical Physics (ijtp), (2012) 51; 1932-1937, Springer J, DOI: 10.1007/s10473-011-1070-x.
24- مقاله «هولوگرافی مدل انرژی تاریک ریکی»
Hassan saadat
“Holographic Ricci Dark Energy Model”
International Journal of Theoretical Physics (Int Theor Phys) (2012), 51: 731-737, Springer J. 5050 DOI: 10.1007/s10773-011-0952-2.
25- مقاله «مدل بزرگترین تقارن گسترش دهنده مزون در پلاسمای کوارک ـ گلوین»
M.Rostampour H. Saadat
“Supersymmetric Model of p-Meson Propagator in Quark-Gluon Plasma”
International Journal of Theoretical Physics (IJTP), (2012) 51: 2470-2475 Springer J. DOI: 10.1007/s10773-012-1127-5.
26- مقاله «محاسبات دینامیکی کوارک پنج تایی و کاهش پهنا در مدل کوارک»
M.Rostampour. H.Saadat. H.Farahani
“Dynamical Calculation of O+ Mass and Decay width in the Quaek Model”
International Journal of Theoretical Physics (IJTP), (2012) 51: 2353-2358 Springer J. DOI: 10. 1007/s10773-012-1114-x.
27- مقاله «حفره سیاه باردار و هولوگرافی ابرشماره»
Hassan Saadat
“R-Charged black whole and holographic superfluid”
International Journal of Theoretical Physics (Int Theor Phys), (2012) 51:2353-2358 Springer IJTP-S-12-00432 dOI: 10.1007/s10773-012-1232-5.
28- مقاله «چگالی ماده تاریک از کاهش نوترینوسنگین»
Hassan Saadat. Malihe Rostampour
“Dark Matter Density from Heavy Neutrino Decays” Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics (Int Theor Phys), (2012) 51:3021-3026 Springer DOI 10.1007/s10773-012-1184-9.
29- مقاله «حفره سیاه باردار ونوسان نوترینو»
Hassan Saadat. Malihe Rostampour
“R-Charged Black Hole and Neurtino Oscillation”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics (Int Theor Phys), (2012) 51:2900-2908, Springer DOI: 10.1007/s10772-012-1167-x.
30- مقاله «آنتروپی تصحیح شده حفره سیاه BTZ»
Hoda Farahani. Jafar Sadeghi. Hassan Saadat
“Corrected Entropy of BTZ Black Holes”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics (Int Theor Phys), (2012) 51: 3721-3726, Springer DOI: 10.1007/s10773-012-1255-y
31- مقاله «کیهان شناسی فریدمن ـ رابرتسون ـ واکر چسبنده در حضور گاز چاپلیجین تعمیم یافته در فضای تخت»
H.Saadat. B.Pourhassan
“FRW bulk viscous cosmology with modified Chaplygin gas in flat space”
Astrophysics and Space Science, Springer
Astrophys space Sci (2013) 343-783-786 Volume 343 Number 2 DOI: 10.1007/s10509-012-1268-2.
32- مقاله «مدل انرژی تاریک ریچی هولوگرافیک با جمله غیر ثابت سی2»
Hassan Saadat.
“Holographic Ricci Dark Energy Model with Non-constant c2 Term”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics (Int Theor Phys), Springer DOI: 10.1007/s10773-012-1416-z(14November 22012)
33- مقاله «ابرشاره هولوگرافیک و مدل STU)
H.Saadat. B.Pourhassan
“Holographic Superfluid and STU Model”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics (Int Theor Phys), (11 November 2012), Springer
DOI 10.1007/s104773-012-1412-3
34- مقاله «کیهانشناسی فریدمن ـ رابرتسون ـ واکر کشسان در حضور گاز چاپلیجین کیهانی تعمیم یافته»
H.Saadat. B. Pourhassn
“FRW bulk viscous cosmology with modified cosmic Chaplygin gas”
Astrophysics and Space Sciene, Springer
DOI 10.1007/s10509-012-1301-5(15 November 20120
35- مقاله «گاز چاپلیجین کشسان در جهان غیرتخت»
Hassan Saadat. Hoda Farahani
“Viscous Chaplygin Gas in Non-Flat Universe”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics
(Int Theor Phys), (28 November 2012), Springer
DOI 10.1007/s10773-012-1431-0
36- مقاله «گاز چاپلیجین تعمیم یافته متنوع کشسان با ثابت کیهانشناسی و انحنای فضا»
H.Saadat. B.Pourhassan
“Viscous Varying Generalized Chaplygin Gas with Cosmological Constant and Space Curvature”
DOI 10.1007/s10773-013-1676-2Int J Theor Phys (2013) 52:3712-3720 International Journal of Theoretical Physics (7 Jun 2013), Springer
37- مقاله «چگالی وابسته به زمان گاز چاپلیجین تغییر یافته کشسانی با اثر آلفای اختیاری»
H.Saadat
“Time-dependent density of viscous modified chaplygin gas with arbitrary ”
Theoretical Physics (2013) Journal ID: 10773, Springer dOI 10.1007/s10773-013-1700-6 Published online: 27 January 2013Int J Theor Phys (2013) 52:3255-3259.
38- مقاله «گاز چاپلیجین تعمیم یافته کشسان در جهان غیرتخت»
H.Saadat
“Viscous Generalized Chaplygin Gas in Non-flat Universe”
DOI 10.1007/s10773-013-1490-x Int J Theor Phys (2013) 52: 1696-1700.
39- مقاله «پایداری ترمودینامیکی سیاهچاله عادی جدید»
Hassan Saadat
“Thermodynamical Stability of a New Regular Black Hole”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics (25 April 2013), Springer DOI 10.1007/s10773-013-1621-4
40- مقاله «پایداری مدلهای انرژی تاریک روی غشاء جهانها»
Hassan Saadat
“Stability of Dark Energy Models on the Brane Universes”
Int J theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics (2013) 52:2692-2697 Springer Doi 10.1007/s10773-013-1560-0
41- مقاله «لنز گرانشی سیاهچاله های STU»
H.Saadat
“Gravitational Lensing of STU Black Holes”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Spring DOI 10.1007/s10773-013-1775-0
42- مقاله «زاویه شکست و سیاهچاله باردار»
Hassan Saadat
“Deflection Angle and R.Charged Black Holes”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Springer DOI 10.1007/s10773-013-1844-4.
43- مقاله «اثر توده متنوع کشسانی روی گاز چاپلیجین تعمیم یافته»
H.Saadat and B. Pourhassan
“Effect of Varying Bulk Viscosity on Generalized Chaplygin Gas”
Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics Springer
DOI 10.1007/s10773-013-1913-8-21 Novermber 2013.
44- مقاله «گاز چاپلیجین کیهانی تغییر یافته متنوع جدید کشسان با ثابت کیهانشناسی در جهان غیرتخت»
Hassan Saadat
“Viscous New Varying Modified Cosmic Chaplygin Gas with Cosmological Int J Theor Phys International Journal of Theoretical Physics Springer
45- مقاله «تلفات انرژی یک ذره سنگین نزدیک سیاهچاله کرک دار دوار سه بعدی»
Jalil Naji and Hassan Saadat
“Energy Loss of a Heavy Particle Near3D Rotating Hairy Black Hole”
Hindawi Publishing Corporatin. Advances in High Energy Physics. Volume 2014, Article
http://dx.doi.org.10.1155/2014/720713
46- مقاله «سیاهچاله مایرز ـ پری با اصلاحات لگاریتمی»
H.Saadat. A. Pourdarvish
“Myerse-Perry Black Holes with Logarithmic Correction”
DOI 10.1007/s10773-014-2097-6-2 Int J Theor Phys (2013) International Journal of Theoretical Physics (24 April 2014), Springer.
47- مقاله «دوباره پارامتری کردن کُنش نسبیتی ذره باردار بینهایت گسترده»
Hassan Saadat. Behnam Pourhassan
“Reparametrization of the Relativistic Infinitely Extended Charged Particle action”
Int Theor Phys (2016) 55: 3827-3831 DOI 10.1007/s 10773-016-3012-0-Springer
48- مقاله «کیهان شناسی پلیتروپیک گرم با حضور و عدم حضور چسبندگی»
Hassan Saadat “Warm-Polytropic Cosmology with and without Bulk Viscosity”DOI 10.1007/s 10773-014-2170-1-2 Int J Theor Phys (2014)
49- مقاله «انرژی مرکز جرم دو ذره در حال برخورد، در سیاه چاله های STU»
Hassan Saadat “The Centre-of-Mass energy of two collidiny Particles in Stu Blackholes”Can.J.phys.92: 1-3(2014) dx DOI. Org/10.1139/ctp-2014-0236.
50- مقاله «آثار گرانشی کوانتمی روی حفره سیاه (کهکشان سیاه) هوراوا- لیف شیتز. چاپ شده درمجله فیزیک ذره ایی B- الزویر انگلیس.
B.Pourhassan. S. Upadhyay, Hassan Saadat, and H. Farahani” Quantum gravity effects on Horava-Lifshits Black hole” Nuclear Physics B-928 (2018) 415-434.
51- مقاله «مدل کیهان شناسی جهان اولیه، بسط داده شده با دوره متغیر A در فضای هندسی لیرا»
Hassan Saadat “A Cosmological Model of the Early Universe Based on ECG with Variable A-Term in Lyra Geometry”
DOI 10.1007/s10773-015-2874-x-1-2Int J Theo phys (2015)-Spring.
52- مقاله «مؤسسه IPM، پژوهشگاهی برای شکوفایی و درخشیدن نوابع ایران در مسیر پاسخ به سؤال اساسی «مبداء و سرانجام عالم» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر مردم 23/7/1391.
53- مقاله «فیزیک ماده تاریک» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر مردم 22/2/1392 .
54- مقاله «ابر گرانش» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر مردم 10/4/1393 .
55- مقاله «فیزیک ماده تاریک و نوترینو» چاپ شده در روزنامه عصر مردم 12/7/1394 .
56- پایان نامه فوق لسیانس فیزیک نویسنده (دکترحسن سعادت) تحت عنوان :
«سرانجام عالم با بررسی نسبت جرم به نور کهکشانها و روش اندازه گیری جرم ماده گمشده و دمای ماده تاریک.»
Master’s Thesis in Physics: “A. Methodology for investingation of the collapsing universe by Measuring Mass-to-Light Ratio of Galaxies and Calculation of Missing Mass and Dark Matter’s temperatures”
چاپ شده در مجلات بین المللی الزویر (کایاس سالیتون و فرکتال) در سال 2009 صفحه 1080.
57- پایان نامه دکتری فیزیک نویسنده (دکترحسن سعادت)، تحت عنوان «اثر ماده تاریک در منظومه شمسی و محاسبه میزان تأثیر آن بر حرکت حضیض خورشیدی سیارات و تعیین مرز حداکثر چگالی ماده تاریک در جایگاه زمین»
Personal Research Project, Doctoral Dissertation in Physics: “Affect of Dark Matter in Solar system and Perihelion Precession of Planets and Evaluation the Bound on the maximal allowed Dark Matter density at earth’s location” (Dr. Hassan Saadat)
چاپ شده در مجلات بین المللی الزویر (کایاس سالیتون و فرکتال) در سال 2009 میلادی، از صفحه 236 به بعد، و مجله اسپرینگر آلمان (مجله بین المللی فیزیک نظری) در سال 2009 و 2010 .
